Associations Between Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Young Women (18 â•fi 30 Years)

Calcium and vitamin D intakes have been linked with reduced body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and body fat percentage in older adults and in obese women. However, very little is known about the extent of these associations in healthy nonobese young women. We evaluated these relationships among 270 women aged 18-30 years (Mean BMI: 22.9 ± 3.3 kg/m 2 ) in a cross-sectional analysis within the UMass Amherst Vitamin D Status Study (2006-2011). Dietary information and total body fat percentage (%TBF) were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. After adjustment for total energy intake, physical activity level and smoking status, women reporting adequate intakes of calcium (≥ 1000 mg/day) but low intakes of vitamin D (< 600 IU/day) were over two-fold more likely to have high TBF (≥ 32%); [Odds Ratio, OR, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 2.27; 1.02 5.04], compared to those with adequate intakes of both calcium (≥ 1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (≥ 600 IU/day). Low intake of calcium from dietary supplements (225 to 500 mg/day) was associated with risk of increased WC (≥